How to Upgrade to First on Domestic Flights for $84 or Even Less

April 2010
Read Offline

On low-fare routes, the travelers who win understand why First Class can cost almost the same as economy.

How many travelers belly up to an airline search engine and go for coach fares because:

  • They think First Class tickets are always too expensive.
  • They are steeped in Elite Status Delusion and only think about playing upgrade roulette.
  • They think flying First is the best way to burn miles.

Conventional Think Will Cost You Comfort

At various times over the years, domestic First Class fares have been high; whereas now they are priced so low on many routes that it often makes sense to pay the published fare.

The reasons have to do with better yield management by the airlines and excess inventory on many routes. The airlines would rather sell the seats at a discount than give them away to elites.

So the questions travelers should be asking are:

  • How much more will First Class cost than economy?
  • Does my loyalty program give me elite upgrades when I need them?
  • Should I use my miles now or hold them to use when ticket prices go back up?

The Great First Class Fare Illusion: It’s Too Expensive

The main reason for being an elite and using miles is the belief that domestic First Class is too expensive. Most travelers believe that First costs four to five times economy (or more), which is true, in many cases, more so on long-haul, international flights than domestic ones.

I believe in always checking the published First Class fare— first—and, how it translates into the “Cost-per-Hour to Upgrade.” Once you know that figure, which includes nuisance economy charges (baggage fees, better economy seats, meals, etc.), it often makes sense to buy a First Class fare.

The Upgrade Math

Here’s a side-by-side comparison of New York-Houston on Delta, which has the lowest First Class fare on this route.

As you can see from the chart below, the First Class fare is $496, and the economy fare is $284, a difference of $212, or $26.50 per flight hour.

However, once you figure in all the extra costs economy class can incur, such as bags and economy comfort seats, that difference is reduced to only $84, or $10 per-flight-hour.

In fact, on this route, if you figure in other extras such as meals and drinks ($30) and the difference in miles earned ($49), the difference almost all but disappears.

Comparing First Class Fare-Purchase-Window Requirements on Non-stop Flights

Route Booking Window (Days) Airline FARE Trip Purpose
Los Angeles - Boston 181 or more DL $2,824 Conference
180 or less DL $1,096
91 or more AA $3,080
90 or less AA $994
None UA $896
Chicago - New York 181 or more DL $802 FamilynReunion
180 or less DL $556
91 or more AA $802
90 or less AA $652
None UA $480
Los Angeles - Honolulu 181 or more DL $2,619 SummernVacation
180 or less DL $1,196
91 or more AA $2,800
90 or less AA $2,800
None UA $1,216
New York -nFt. Lauderdale 181 or more DL $1,756 CaribbeannCruise
180 or less DL $446
91 or more AA No non- stop
90 or less AA No non- stop
None UA $812
Dallas - New York 181 or more DL $2,042 FamilynHoliday
180 or less DL $562
91 or more AA $2,042
90 or less AA $802
None UA $728
Fares shown are the lowest fares and could require an advance purchase of 7 to 21 days depending on airline and route, and sometimes Tuesday, Wednesday, or Saturday travel days. AA = American, DL = Delta, UA = United

Fare Rules for Low-Priced First Class Fares

Low-cost First Class: FCF’s refers to these as EasyUp fares because they often have a built-in upgrade surcharge, meaning that the fare basis is a low economy fare with a paid upgrade to First. The upgrade surcharge varies by route and airline, ranging from about $73 to $599 one-way.

Comparing Round-trip Upgradeable Economy to Business Class Mileage Programs

Airline Miles Needed R/T Booking Codes Surcharge Los Angeles -London New York -Paris Credit Card Partners Mileage Purchase Limit Rating
Upgrade Fare1 Business Class2 Return on Miles Upgrade Fare1 Business Class2 Return on Miles
Air France 33000 S, W 0 $2,200 $4,400 6.6¢ $2,100 $4,600 7.6¢ Amex, SPG Up to 40,000 (Elite members unlimited) B
American 50000 all $700 $1,800 $4,400 5.2¢ $1,900 $4,600 5.4¢ SPG Up to 40,000 B-
British Airways3 250003 E, T, W 0 $1,830 $4,900 12.3¢ $1,350 $4,500 12.6¢ Amex, Chase, SPG Up to 24,000 B+
Cathay Pacific (for flights on AA) 500004 Y, B, H 0 $1,700 $4,400 3.9¢ $1,900 $4,600 5.4¢ SPG 30% Max to top-up B-
(for flights on BA) 225004 E, T, W $1,830 $4,900 10.2¢ $1,350 $4,500 14¢ B-
Delta 50000 Y, B, M 0 $3,690 $4,400 1.4¢ $3,200 $4,600 2.8¢ Amex, SPG Up to 60,000 D-
Singapore5 60000 E, S, B, Y 0 n/a $1,500 $3,400 3.2¢ Amex, SPG 50% Max to top-up C
United 40000 S, T, K, L, G, N $1,100 $2,200 $4,400 5.5¢ $2,300 $4,600 5.7¢ Chase Sapphire (SPG; bad exchange rate) Up to 100,000 B-
B 0 $2,000 $3,000
US Airways 60000 all $600 $1,680 $4,000 3.9¢ $1,760 $4,600 4.7¢ SPG Unlimited6 B-
Virgin Atlantic 250007 S,W 0 $2,200 $4,900 10.8¢ n/a Amex, SPG Up to 30,000 B-

1 Airfares are based for Oct.1 travel dates, include mileage surcharges, and include average taxes and fees ($700 for economy) for the routes shown in the chart. 2 Airfares are based on a 50-day advance purchase promotional Business Class fare and include average taxes and fees ($1,200 for London and $1,000 for Paris) for the routes shown in the chart. 3 Upgrade in miles is to London only; miles required for upgrade varies from 20,000 miles for NYC-London when using E, T, and W fares; to 40,000 miles for Y, B, and H fares. 4 Miles required for upgrade varies, for example; 70,000 from LAX on AA, and 30,000 from LAX on BA. 5 New York-Frankfurt fare shown. 6 Up to 50,000 miles per transaction. 7 Miles required for upgrade varies, for example; 20,000 miles for NYC-London when using S and W fares; and 40,000 miles for Y, B, R, and L fares. Amex = American Express Membership Rewards, SPG = Starwood Preferred Guest.

Forget Elite Upgrades

They’re a lose-lose strategy when airlines, such as American, Delta, and United, sell domestic First Class routes cheaply, especially for bottom-tier elites who are last on the priority list. If you are an elite flying a low-cost First Class fare route, you’ll have a lot of competition. Why play upgrade roulette when a low First Class fare is a sure bet?

When Not to Use Miles

On many domestic routes, it doesn’t pay to use miles for an upgrade or free mileage award, given the cost to replace or re-earn them. Unless you have them to burn.

Staying with the New York-Houston example on Delta, the First Class ticket price is $496 and earns 4,245 miles, whereas a free low-cost First Class ticket on miles with Delta costs 50,000 round-trip, but earns zero miles. Spending 54,245 miles to save $496 gives you a return of less than 1¢ per mile.

Upgrades are no better. Delta requires an economy K fare or higher plus 25,000 miles round-trip. On the New York-Houston route that means buying a $910 ticket plus miles. Which is crazy: The First Class fare is only $496.

No items found.